The independence of Belarus was formalized when the Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet Republic voted to declare sovereignty on July 27, 1990. This moment came during a period of significant political upheaval in the Soviet Union, spurred by Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). Faced with internal struggles for power and declining control over its republics, the Soviet leadership found it increasingly difficult to suppress the demands for independence that were sweeping across many Soviet states, including Belarus.

As a result of the declaration, Belarus asserted its sovereignty, which was a landmark step in the broader disintegration of the Soviet Union. The declaration was a direct response to the growing desire for autonomy and a national identity, fueled by historical grievances and cultural revival among Belarusian citizens. This movement was supported by various political factions within the republic, as well as strong public sentiment for a distinct national government.

In the years following the independence declaration, Belarus navigated through a complex political landscape. It sought recognition from the international community while undergoing profound changes within its political, economic, and social structures. Between 1990 and 1991, Belarus held its first election for Parliament and began discussions on a new constitution. However, the political transition was not without challenges, as there were internal divisions regarding the extent and nature of independence. This culminated in a national referendum on December 8, 1991, where an overwhelming majority voted for full independence.

Initially, the day of declaration was celebrated as Independence Day until a 1996 referendum changed this to June 3rd to coincide with the adoption of the country's new constitution. The legacy of July 27 still resonates within Belarus as a symbol of national pride and the beginning of a journey towards self-determination.