The declaration of independence for Peru by José de San Martín occurred in Lima, serving as a pivotal moment in the South American struggle for freedom from Spanish colonial rule. San Martín, an Argentine general, was instrumental in the liberation movements across South America and had a strategic vision for uniting the continent against Spanish dominance. After successfully leading campaigns in Argentina and Chile, he turned his focus towards Peru, which was considered the stronghold of Spanish power in the region. On this day, amid significant local support and international interest, San Martín read the proclamation of independence before an assembly of citizens and officials, calling for the liberation of the nation from colonial oppression.

This declaration was not merely an announcement; it energized a movement that would significantly impact the political landscape of Peru and its neighbors. San Martín's vision included establishing a stable government that would uphold the rights and freedoms of its citizens. Following his declaration, he briefly served as the Protector of Peru, aiming to guide the nation through its early phases of independence. While challenges persisted, including resistance from royalists and the complexities of forming a government, this declaration laid the groundwork for subsequent struggles and eventual stabilization of Peru as an independent nation.