The Australasian Antarctic Expedition commenced with the departure of the SY Aurora from London. Under the leadership of Douglas Mawson, an experienced geologist and explorer, the expedition sought to expand scientific knowledge of Antarctica and its surrounding areas. Mawson's team consisted of a diverse group of scientists and adventurers, whose goals included comprehensive geological surveying, meteorological studies, and biological research, particularly concerning the region's unique fauna and flora.

The SY Aurora was specifically chosen for its capacity to navigate the icy waters surrounding Antarctica. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology and provisions, the ship was a symbol of modern exploration. After securing funding and support from various scientific institutions in Australia, including the Australian National University, the expedition was poised for significant contributions to the understanding of the Antarctic environment. Mawson's insistence on integrating scientific research into the exploratory mission set a precedent for future expeditions.

Upon reaching Antarctica, the team established a base and began detailed studies, documenting everything from geology to climate. The expedition proved enormously fruitful scientifically, despite the harsh conditions faced. Mawson’s leadership and the crew's resilience would later contribute to one of the most significant collections of Antarctic data of the time.