The Indo-Sri Lanka Accord was signed by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and President J. R. Jayewardene, aiming to address the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka that had escalated since the early 1980s. This conflict primarily involved the Tamil population's demand for greater autonomy, leading to a violent struggle that resulted in substantial casualties and humanitarian crises. By signing the accord in Colombo, both leaders signaled their intent to work towards a political solution that would recognize the rights of Tamils and promote peace in the region. The accord included provisions for disarmament of militant groups, deployment of Indian peacekeeping forces, and a commitment to uphold Sri Lanka's unity while granting it provincial autonomy. The accord was viewed as a crucial geopolitical maneuver, as India aimed to secure its influence in Sri Lanka while mitigating the rise of Tamil militancy that threatened its southern borders. Notably, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was consequently deployed to Sri Lanka to ensure the implementation of the agreement. However, the accord faced significant opposition from various factions within Sri Lanka, particularly from the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil Tigers, leading to a prolonged period of instability and violence in the ensuing years. The complex dynamics of this agreement underscored the challenges in post-colonial nation-building and inter-ethnic relations in South Asia.