K'inich Janaab' Pakal, commonly referred to as Pakal the Great, became king of Palenque in 615 when he was just twelve years old. His ascension was significant as it represented the continuation of the royal lineage in this powerful Maya city-state located in present-day Mexico. The event was a demonstration of royal succession practices among the ancient Maya, where young rulers were often placed on the throne and guided by regents during their minority. In Pakal's case, his mother, Lady Zac-ku, acted as the regent, leading and managing the kingdom's affairs until he was old enough to take over the duties of governance. This arrangement was common in Maya politics, ensuring that the throne remained stable during transitions.

Pakal’s early reign saw the continuation of monumental architecture and the flourishing of the arts, which would characterize his rule. He was responsible for commissioning several impressive structures in Palenque, including the Temple of the Inscriptions, which later became his burial place. This lively city, with its advanced societal structure, flourished culturally and politically during Pakal's long reign, which lasted until his death in 683.

Pakal’s ascension to the throne not only signified the inauguration of a prominent ruler but also the devotion of the Palenque elite to the idea of divine kingship, where the ruler was seen as a mediator between the gods and his people. His beginnings as a king laid the foundation for what would become a hallmark of Classic Maya civilization, where rulers wielded both political and religious power. His reign later epitomized the wealth and prestige of Palenque, illustrating the dynamic nature of Maya society and governance.