The approval of the Constitution of Puerto Rico by the United States Congress represented a vital moment in the governance of Puerto Rico, transitioning the territory from direct control to a form of self-governance. Prior to the Constitution's approval, Puerto Rico was subject to direct Congressional rule and was governed by laws enacted from Washington, D.C. The process leading up to this constitutional moment was driven by Puerto Rican leaders, including Luis Muñoz Marín, who advocated for increased local authority and political representation. The Constitution, ratified by popular referendum, was an expression of the island's desire for autonomy while maintaining its unique connection to the United States.

The new framework established a government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. It allowed for greater local decision-making, providing Puerto Ricans with the ability to elect their own governor and members of the legislature, which enhanced local governance. However, despite these advancements, the Constitution maintained Puerto Rico's status as a commonwealth, meaning that Congress retained significant authority over the territory. The approval of the Constitution also occurred amidst a broader context of decolonization and self-determination movements worldwide, marking a period of change and redefining colonial relationships.

This redefined political status was met with mixed reactions. Some viewed the Constitution as a progressive step that granted Puerto Ricans a voice in their governance, while others criticized the limitations of its commonwealth status. Over the decades, the conversation around Puerto Rico's political status has persisted, with varying degrees of support for statehood, independence, or maintaining the commonwealth arrangement. This ongoing debate continues to shape the identity and future of Puerto Rico today.