Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary leader known for initiating the Mexican War of Independence against Spanish colonial rule in 1810. After issuing the famous 'Grito de Dolores', he led a growing army of insurgents composed largely of indigenous people and mestizos. His efforts in the early stages helped to awaken consciousness among the Mexican populace regarding their desire for autonomy from Spain. However, despite early successes, the insurgent forces faced several setbacks, and Hidalgo's fortunes changed dramatically after a few military defeats.

In January 1811, Father Hidalgo was forced to retreat northward to avoid Spanish forces and their loyalist allies. Eventually, he was captured in Chihuahua City by royalist troops. Following his capture, Hidalgo was executed on July 30, 1811. His execution was carried out by a firing squad, and reports suggest that he was treated with contempt during the process. His death was a significant loss for the insurgent movement, as he had become a symbol of resistance against oppression and colonial rule.

Hidalgo’s death did not quell the spirit of the insurgency; instead, it ignited a renewed fervor among those who continued to fight for independence. His legacy would live on, and he is now celebrated as a national hero in Mexico. The War of Independence would continue for over a decade, resulting in Mexico finally gaining its independence from Spain in 1821. Hidalgo's early leadership and vision were crucial in laying the groundwork for a broader movement toward independence and social reform in Mexico.