Aurangzeb's proclamation as Emperor of India took place in Agra, following a fierce power struggle among the sons of Emperor Shah Jahan. After a series of confrontations with his brothers, including Dara Shikoh, who was favored for his liberal views, Aurangzeb emerged victorious. He skillfully manipulated alliances and displayed military prowess, culminating in a decisive victory at the Battle of Samugarh. His forces captured Dara, effectively ending his brother's claim to the throne. On this day, with the backing of his loyal supporters, Aurangzeb ascended the throne, formally taking the title of Alamgir, meaning 'Conqueror of the World'.

Aurangzeb’s reign marked a significant turning point in Mughal politics and society. Unlike his predecessors, he prioritized a stringent interpretation of Islamic law and sought to consolidate power, often involving military campaigns. Despite the internal challenges, his rule brought about expanded frontiers. Aurangzeb was both a devout Muslim and a pragmatic leader; his policies reflected a stringent adherence to Islamic principles which caused tensions among the Hindu majority and other non-Muslim communities.

The proclamation was not just the beginning of Aurangzeb’s reign but the onset of a new era that redefined the relationship between the Mughal authority and its subjects. It laid the groundwork for the subsequent socio-political dynamics leading to unrest and resistance from various regional powers and communities across the subcontinent.