Christchurch was established in the early 1850s as an Anglican settlement, driven by the aspirations of early European settlers and the need for structure in governance amid rapid growth. In 1856, a pivotal moment arrived when Governor Sir George Grey granted the charter to Christchurch, officially recognizing it as a city. This charter empowered local authorities to govern their affairs, which was crucial for the settlement that had been growing steadily since its founding a few years earlier. The city was designed with a focus on parks, gardens, and wide streets, reflecting the principles of urban planning influenced by garden city ideals.

The charter also led to the establishment of a municipal council, which would take charge of various civic responsibilities including maintenance of roads, public health, and urban planning. With this newfound status, Christchurch could attract more settlers and investors, contributing to further economic development. As a result, it became a center of commerce and governance, setting the stage for its growth into the metropolitan hub of the South Island.

The granting of the city charter was not just a local event; it signified a broader trend of urbanization in New Zealand during the 19th century as various settlements aspired to city status. This development reflected colonial ambitions and the desire for stability and governance structures in New Zealand's rapidly changing landscape. In the following decades, Christchurch would continue to evolve, featuring prominently in the narratives of New Zealand's economic and social history.