The Treaty of Edinburgh emerged from the complex geopolitical landscape of the 16th century, primarily influenced by the Reformation and the shifting allegiances between Scotland, England, and France. Following the death of King James V of Scotland, the nation was under the rule of his infant daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots, who was living in France. The Protestant Reformation had gained significant traction in Scotland, leading to tensions between Protestant factions and Catholic supporters of Mary. This upheaval prompted England's Queen Elizabeth I to extend diplomatic efforts towards stabilizing Scotland by negotiating with Protestant leaders.The treaty was formally signed in July at Edinburgh following a series of negotiations that involved representatives from both kingdoms. England and Scotland aimed to resolve their conflicts and agree on mutual support in the face of French influence. Importantly, the treaty included provisions for the withdrawal of French troops, a point that was critical for the Protestant Reformation in Scotland and for the political realignment occurring in the British Isles. In essence, it laid the groundwork for a more cooperative relationship between Scotland and England while also attempting to curtail foreign influence.While the treaty was celebrated by many, the realities of Scottish politics and the strong support for Mary, Queen of Scots, observed that tensions would continue in various forms. The Treaty of Edinburgh was significant not only for its immediate results but also as a precursor to future diplomatic efforts, including the eventual union of the crowns in the early 17th century. Thus, the signing of this treaty marked a critical juncture in Scottish history, signifying both an end and a continuation of political struggles.