Córdoba was founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera in 1573 as part of the Spanish colonial expansion into South America. Located in the Sierras de Córdoba, the site was chosen for its strategic advantages, including fertile lands ideal for agriculture and a position that facilitated trade routes. Cabrera sought to establish a settlement that would help cement Spanish authority in the region, amidst a backdrop of increasing tensions and resistance from indigenous populations. The establishment of Córdoba was part of a larger plan by the Spanish Crown to colonize and control the southern territories of the continent, which had vast economic potential.

The city was named after Córdoba in Spain and was intended to replicate the urban layout and administrative structures seen in Spanish cities of the time. Cabrera and his expedition faced numerous challenges while establishing the city, including navigating relationships with local indigenous tribes and managing the logistics of building a new city. Over time, Córdoba would grow into an important center for education, commerce, and government in the region, contributing to the cultural and economic foundations of modern Argentina.

As time progressed, Córdoba emerged as a pivotal location for Spanish colonial efforts in the region. Its position allowed for effective administration of surrounding areas while fostering economic activities, such as agriculture and trade. The city has historically been known for its strong cultural and educational institutions, which developed in the 17th and 18th centuries and laid the groundwork for its vibrant future.