Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro, a prominent Portuguese military figure and royalist, organized an armed attack on the First Portuguese Republic at Chaves. The context leading up to this assault was marked by deep political divisions in Portugal following the overthrow of the monarchy in 1910. The establishment of the First Portuguese Republic was met with significant royalist opposition, culminating in various attempts to restore the monarchy. Couceiro’s assault on this day was part of a series of efforts by royalist factions seeking to seize power and reinstate the monarchy.

The operation was meticulously planned, aiming to capitalize on perceived weaknesses in the republican government. However, the defending forces exhibited strong determination, quickly mobilizing to quell the uprising. Couceiro's approach encountered logistical challenges and insufficient support from other royalist factions, ultimately leading to a decisive republican victory. This event reiterated the instability prevalent during the early years of the republic and underscored the sharp contrast between republican ideals and monarchical aspirations, which characterized Portuguese politics during this tumultuous period.

Couceiro’s failure in Chaves not only diminished the immediate influence of royalist groups but also showcased the resilience of the republican forces in maintaining control. The aftermath of this conflict had significant implications for future engagements between republicans and royalists, shaping the political landscape in Portugal leading up to World War I. The conflict would continue to evolve, with various royalist uprisings following Couceiro's attack; however, none would achieve substantial success in reversing the republican regime established in 1910.