The Treaty of Saadabad was signed on July 8, 1937, by Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan at a conference held in Saadabad Palace, near Tehran, Iran. This agreement marked a significant diplomatic effort to enhance mutual security and cooperation among its signatory nations amid concerns over external aggression, particularly from the Soviet Union, and the complexities introduced by the rise of nationalism in the region. The treaty represented a collective response to shared security threats, facilitating dialogue and collaboration in military and political affairs among these four neighboring countries.

The signatories recognized the increasing vulnerabilities posed by potentially hostile external powers, as well as the importance of regional stability. The agreement stipulated that the countries would consult together in times of crisis, engage in economic cooperation, and promote peaceful resolutions to disputes. This was seen as a proactive approach to counterbalance any unilateral actions from neighboring or more powerful states threatening the independence and territorial integrity of the signatory nations.

Furthermore, the Treaty of Saadabad was also a reflection of the shifting geopolitical landscape of the time, where regional powers began to seek autonomy and alliances independent of broader global powers. This diplomatic maneuvering was especially relevant in the context of the growing influence of the Soviet Union in Central Asia and concerns about communist expansion. The pact highlighted a new sense of solidarity among these nations, motivated by shared interests that would shape their foreign policies moving forward.