The attempt to capture Fort Duquesne marked a significant episode in the context of the French and Indian War, a conflict that saw British and French colonial interests collide in North America. General Edward Braddock was assigned command of the expedition, intending to assert British dominance in the Ohio River Valley, which was seen as vital for expansion. His approach comprised a substantial force of British regulars and colonial militia aiming to surprise the French garrison at Fort Duquesne, situated at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

As Braddock's forces advanced, they encountered a French and Native American coalition who utilized guerrilla warfare tactics. On July 9, 1755, while advancing through the woods near Fort Duquesne, Braddock's troops were ambushed. The British soldiers, unprepared for such tactics, suffered considerable casualties. The battle devolved into chaos, and Braddock was severely wounded, leading to a retreat under fire. The strategic failure not only resulted in heavy losses but also highlighted the inadequacies of traditional British military formations when faced with North American terrain and combat methods.

Following the battle, the French maintained control of Fort Duquesne, reinforcing their stronghold and influencing the dynamics of the war in the region. The defeat had lasting effects on British colonial strategy and military conduct, resulting in a reassessment of their approaches in North America. The event also exemplified the burgeoning tensions between British settlers and Native American tribes, as allegiances shifted during the conflict. Ultimately, Braddock's defeat served as a catalyst for further military engagements that shaped the future of the continent.