In the context of the Boxer Rebellion, a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising in China, the Governor of Shanxi province took drastic measures by ordering the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries along with a significant number of local church members, including children. This extreme act was fueled by the Boxer movement's disdain for foreigners and the perceived threat that Christianity posed to traditional Chinese culture. The targeted individuals were seen as symbols of foreign influence, contributing to an environment rich in tension and hostility.

The Boxer Rebellion, which began in 1899 and escalated until 1901, was characterized by violent nationalist fervor in response to foreign imperialism and the presence of Christian missionaries in China. In Shanxi, local anti-Christian sentiment was particularly pronounced, and communities were torn apart by fears of foreign oppression and cultural dilution. During this tumultuous period, the executions shocked foreign powers, as they illustrated the consequences of anti-foreign sentiments turning into brutality and highlighted the dangers faced by Western missionaries and their Chinese converts.

As the province descended further into chaos, news of the executions spread, contributing to international concern regarding the safety of foreign nationals in China. This grim event represented a turning point that underscored the vulnerability of Christian missionaries during the Boxer Rebellion, ultimately leading to increased military intervention from Western nations. The international community was alarmed, and it resulted in military expeditions to protect foreign nationals and punish those responsible for the violence.