The granting of royal assent to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act marked a significant milestone in the history of Australia. Following decades of debate and discussions about uniting the separate colonies, representatives from New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania convened to draft a constitution. The primary aim was to address emerging national issues such as trade, defense, and immigration. On July 9, 1900, Queen Victoria's formal approval of the legislation transformed the political landscape of the Australian continent. This act did not only unite the colonies into a federated nation but also bestowed upon Australia the ability to govern its own affairs under a common constitution.The unification process was driven by a desire for greater economic and political stability, as the colonies had been experiencing challenges that were exacerbated by their disparate governance. Following the royal assent, Australia held its first federal elections in 1901, and the nation officially became a unified entity. The new government structure included a bicameral parliament, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and the establishment of a national capital, which would eventually be located in Canberra. The constitution provided a framework for the division of powers between the federal and state governments. The establishment of the Commonwealth laid the foundations for the modern Australian political system and directly influenced its subsequent development, including reforms related to civil rights and immigration.