The Federal Charter of 1291 marked a pivotal moment in medieval Switzerland’s political landscape. The document was a solemn alliance forged between the cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Nidwalden, responding to potential incursions from the Habsburg dynasty, which posed a significant threat to their independence. The location of the signing at Rütli, a meadow near Lake Lucerne, became emblematic of Swiss unity and resistance, symbolizing a gathering place where the three cantons pledged loyalty to one another against external aggressions.

As the political climate in the region was turbulent, with the rising influence of the Habsburgs, the three cantons recognized the necessity of solidarity for self-defense. The charter laid the groundwork for what would eventually evolve into a larger confederation involving more regions in Switzerland. The agreement encapsulated not only military cooperation but also shared legal standards and mutual support mechanisms, fostering a sense of identity among the participating cantons.

The significance of the Federal Charter extended beyond immediate self-defense. It established a precedent for cooperation among cantons and set the foundation for the Swiss Confederation, which would grow and persist influencing the political structure of Switzerland. The successive decades saw the addition of more cantons into this alliance, ultimately leading to a semi-autonomous governance structure characterized by collective decision-making and mutual respect for the sovereignty of each canton.