The Pueblo Revolt was a significant event where the Pueblo people of New Mexico rose against the Spanish colonial authorities in 1680. This uprising was motivated by a culmination of grievances against the Spanish, including the imposition of forced labor, the suppression of native religious practices, and the heavy burden of tribute payments enforced by the Spanish colonizers. Popé, a Tewa leader from the San Juan Pueblo, played a pivotal role in organizing the revolt. He united the various Pueblo tribes and plotted an uprising against the Spanish, which had been delayed due to the complexities of tribal relationships and previous attempts at resistance.

On that fateful day, Pueblo warriors simultaneously rose against the Spanish missions and settlements, attacking in a pre-planned fashion. Their efforts resulted in the successful overthrow of the Spanish colonial government in New Mexico and forced many settlers to flee. The revolt lasted for several weeks, resulting in significant Spanish casualties and the capture of Santa Fe. The natives used their intimate knowledge of the terrain to execute strategic attacks against the Spanish who were largely unprepared for such a coordinated response.

For the next twelve years, the Pueblo people effectively controlled the region, restoring their traditional practices and lifestyles. During this period, they removed the oppressive structures imposed by the Spanish and sought to reestablish their cultural identity. It was an era marked by both freedom and tension as the Spanish sought to reclaim control, culminating in renewed but ultimately challenging attempts at colonization.