The Treaty of Sèvres was signed on this day by representatives of Mehmed VI, the last Ottoman sultan, and the Allied Powers, significantly altering the geopolitical landscape of the post-World War I era. Following the war's conclusion, the Allies aimed to dismantle the remnants of the Ottoman Empire, which had sided with the Central Powers during the conflict. The treaty was part of a larger series of agreements, which also included the Treaty of Versailles, that sought to establish a new world order after the devastation of the war.

The treaty included terms that recognized Armenia and Kurdistan as independent states, and it severely limited the territory of the Ottoman Empire, reducing it primarily to the Anatolian peninsula. Additionally, it placed parts of the territory under the control of various Allied nations, including Greece, France, and Britain. This division was intended to curb Ottoman influence and stabilize the region, but it met with significant resistance from both local populations and nationalist movements within the empire.

The signing occurred in Sèvres, a suburb of Paris, and was the culmination of negotiations reflecting the goals of the victorious nations to reallocate land based on strategic interests and nationalist aspirations. Notably, the treaty was rejected by the Turkish nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, leading to further conflict and the eventual establishment of the Republic of Turkey.