Hadrian Becomes Roman Emperor Following Trajan
Hadrian was proclaimed emperor just two days after the death of his predecessor, Emperor Trajan. The succession followed a careful selection process, highlighting Hadrian’s close ties to Trajan, who had adopted him. This transition marked a significant moment in the Roman Empire, as Hadrian inherited a vast realm and faced various challenges that would shape his reign.
Trajan's death occurred in Cilicia.
Hadrian was Trajan's adopted son.
Hadrian focused on consolidation of the Empire.
His reign influenced Roman architecture and culture.
What Happened?
Hadrian's ascension to the imperial throne occurred shortly after the death of Emperor Trajan, one of Rome's most admired leaders. Trajan had expanded the Empire to its maximum territorial extent and was known for his military accomplishments and extensive public building programs. Upon Trajan’s passing in Selge, Cilicia, Hadrian, who had been Trajan’s adopted son, was declared the new emperor on August 11, 117. The succession was strategically significant, as Hadrian was not only Trajan’s choice but also a seasoned administrator who had already been involved in imperial affairs. His elevation was first announced in the eastern provinces of the Empire, gradually leading to wider recognition of his authority. Hadrian, having traveled extensively throughout the Empire, brought with him a vision of consolidating and securing imperial strength rather than focusing solely on expansion. His rule is most noted for a more philosophical approach to governance, embracing arts and culture alongside concerns for the empire's military and provincial stability.
Why Does it Matter?
Hadrian's proclamation as emperor is fascinating because it signals a shift in how Roman emperors viewed their rule. Rather than relentless expansion through military conquest, Hadrian emphasized consolidation, governance, and culture. His reign would introduce significant architectural projects like the Pantheon and Hadrian's Wall, which served to define Roman identity and secure borders. Hadrian's policies and innovations would leave a long-lasting legacy on the Roman Empire, influencing governance for centuries.