The Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty was a pivotal agreement signed in Riga, signifying the end of the Latvian War of Independence and leading to the recognition of Latvia's sovereignty. The war began shortly after World War I, as Latvia declared independence from Russia in 1918. A series of conflicts emerged between Latvian forces and Bolshevik troops, resulting in significant territorial and political turmoil. The treaty was an outcome of negotiations that had included multiple diplomatic efforts from Latvia, striving for recognition from the international community amidst the chaotic geopolitical landscape of post-war Eastern Europe. Soviet Russia, dealing with its internal struggles, acknowledged the necessity of formalizing peace with its former territory to stabilize the region.

The signing ceremony was a celebrated occasion for Latvia, marking the culmination of their struggle for independence that had taken place in a tumultuous period characterized by shifting alliances and foreign interventions. It provided a context in which Latvia could secure its borders and establish its governance without Soviet interference. Notable figures such as the Latvian politician Augusts Kirhenšteins and representatives from the Soviet government were present to witness the signing, which served as a testament to Latvia’s enduring resolve.