Luna 25 was launched to explore the Moon's south pole region, an area that holds immense scientific interest due to the possibility of water ice, which could potentially support future manned missions or be used for in-situ resource utilization. The launch took place at the Vostochny Cosmodrome, Russia's newest space launch facility, located in the Amur Oblast. Constructed to reduce dependency on the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, this facility aims to facilitate a variety of launches, including crewed missions to the International Space Station (ISS) and interplanetary exploration. Luna 25 is part of Russia's effort to reassert its presence in lunar exploration, a field that has seen increasing activity from other countries, including the United States, India, and China.

The mission includes scientific payloads intended to analyze the lunar regolith and gather high-resolution images of the surface. Luna 25's primary goals are to demonstrate soft landing technology and to conduct in-situ studies of the Moon’s geochemistry and regolith composition. By targeting the Moon's south pole, scientists hope to unlock secrets that could indicate the presence of water, essential for future extraterrestrial habitation and exploration efforts. The successful deployment of Luna 25 is anticipated to inspire future missions and potentially rekindle collaboration among international space agencies.