Japan Air Lines Flight 123 was a scheduled domestic flight from Tokyo to Osaka that tragically ended in disaster on August 12, 1985. The Boeing 747, operating as a Jumbo Jet, encountered a significant structural failure in flight that stemmed from improper repair work conducted on its rear pressure bulkhead after a tailstrike incident during a previous incident in 1978. This critical failure resulted in the rapid decompression of the aircraft and the loss of control. The plane ultimately crashed into the rugged terrain of the Osutaka Ridge in Gunma Prefecture, just 32 minutes after takeoff. Tragically, all 520 occupants onboard, including 15 crew members and 505 passengers, lost their lives, making it the deadliest single-aircraft accident in history.

The rescue efforts that followed were hampered by the remote mountainous terrain. While some survivors were found among the wreckage, the scale of the disaster was devastating. Investigations revealed serious failures in aircraft maintenance protocols, as well as deficiencies in the airline's safety procedures. The incident prompted widespread scrutiny of aviation practices in Japan and led to enhanced regulations and safety measures not only in Japan but globally, which still influence airline operations today.