The Convention of Moss was a significant agreement reached in August 1814, signaling the end of the Swedish–Norwegian War. This conflict arose from the shifting power dynamics in Scandinavia following the Napoleonic Wars, particularly the Treaty of Kiel in January 1814, which resulted in Denmark ceding Norway to Sweden. The Norwegian population, however, sought to maintain its sovereignty, leading to a brief war. Reaching a critical point, both sides agreed to a ceasefire. The negotiations took place in the city of Moss, Norway, where representatives from Sweden and Norway convened to iron out the conditions for peace.

One of the unique aspects of the Convention of Moss was that it did not solely focus on military aspects but also addressed the future governance of Norway. The agreement allowed for Norway to retain its constitution, which had been adopted in May 1814, while also recognizing Sweden's sovereignty over the territory. This compromise laid the groundwork for Norway's later peaceful push for greater independence, which would culminate in the dissolution of the union with Sweden in 1905. The terms of the ceasefire were relatively lenient, reflecting the desire for stability in the region, and the recognition of Norway's aspirations for self-rule became a crucial aspect of future negotiations between the two countries.