The deployment of British troops to Northern Ireland in August 1969 emerged from escalating conflicts rooted in historical grievances and social disparities. The unrest was significantly triggered by the civil rights movement advocating for equal rights for the Catholic nationalist population. Many groups faced discrimination in housing, employment, and voting, leading to widespread protests. This growing discontent culminated in violent clashes, particularly following confrontations during a civil rights march in Derry on August 5, where police heavy-handedness fueled the anger of the demonstrators.

As violence erupted across various neighborhoods, particularly in Derry and Belfast, the local authorities found themselves overwhelmed. The violence included rioting, arson, and significant sectarian clashes, leading to the displacement of thousands and exacerbating the tension between communities. Recognizing the severity of the situation, the British government decided to intervene militarily. On August 14, troops arrived primarily to protect the minority Catholic communities from aggression and restore order.

Operation Banner commenced as a response to the chaos, marking a significant point in Northern Irish history. The operation continued for nearly 37 years and became one of the longest continuous deployments of British military personnel in peacetime. The initial goals of peacekeeping evolved, as the British Army found itself increasingly entangled in the complex and deep-rooted conflict between nationalist and unionist communities, which would ultimately lead to significant casualties and a prolonged state of unrest.