Lanfranc of Pavia, an accomplished Benedictine monk, was appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury, a prestigious role within the Church of England. His appointment came after the Norman Conquest, a period that transformed the ecclesiastical landscape of England. Originally hailing from Italy, Lanfranc’s journey to the archbishopic commenced in Normandy where he played a crucial role in establishing Benedictine monasticism. His leadership at the Abbey of Caen exemplified his religious commitment and administrative acumen, earning him a reputation that transcended regional boundaries.

Upon becoming Archbishop, Lanfranc faced significant challenges: he needed to navigate the complexities of integrating Norman practices with existing English traditions. This integration was essential for solidifying the Norman regime's control over the land and its people. Lanfranc exercised his authority by reforming the ecclesiastical structures, implementing stricter monastic rules, and promoting Norman clergy to key positions. This helped to strengthen the Church's power and aligned it closely with the monarchy, which was crucial for the stability of Norman rule.

In addition to administrative reforms, Lanfranc was instrumental in the architectural transformation of Canterbury Cathedral, where he initiated several building projects. His vision for the cathedral not only enhanced its physical prominence but also symbolically represented the strength of the Norman church. This development contributed to the broader trend of church building throughout England during this period, as newly established Norman lords sought to legitimize their rule through the construction of grand religious institutions. Lanfranc's tenure as Archbishop established new standards for ecclesiastical leadership, merging the spiritual with the political in a way that would shape the future of the Church in England.