The foundation of Asunción marked a significant moment in the Spanish colonization of South America. Established in 1537 by Juan de Salazar y Espinosa, this city emerged from the vision of Spanish explorers looking to expand their territorial claims and influence in the region. Situated on the banks of the Paraguay River, Asunción was strategically chosen for its defensibility and accessibility for further inland exploration. Salazar's expedition aimed not only to fortify Spanish interests against local indigenous populations but also to pave the way for launching future conquests into the interior of the continent.

During the early years of its founding, Asunción faced numerous challenges, including tensions with local Guarani tribes, disease, and limited resources. However, the settlement gradually began to thrive, attracting settlers, traders, and missionaries. The location’s potential for agriculture and trade contributed to its growth, transforming Asunción into a crossroads for commerce and cultural exchange.

Over the following decades, Asunción developed a complex society blending Spanish and indigenous traditions. The city became an essential hub for the Jesuit missions, as they sought to evangelize the indigenous populations. This fusion of cultures and the establishment of missions would have lasting effects on the region's social and religious landscape, influencing local customs and societal structures for generations. Asunción ultimately paved the way for the expansion of Spanish control throughout the region—setting the foundation upon which modern Paraguay would be built.