Israel's unilateral disengagement plan aimed to evacuate Israeli settlers from the Gaza Strip and four settlements in the northern West Bank, representing a shift in the long-standing approach to its conflict with the Palestinians. The plan was announced by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon in 2004 and involved the evacuation of approximately 8,000 Israeli settlers from the Gaza Strip. The Israeli government aimed to dismantle settlements in hope of improving security for Israel and advancing the peace process, as parts of the territories had been points of contention and violence between Israelis and Palestinians.

The disengagement operation began on August 15, 2005, involving military and police forces, who organized the systematic evacuation of settlers. Many families were assisted in their relocation while others resisted. The operation faced significant opposition from hardline factions within Israel and drew various international responses, some viewing it as a step towards peace while others criticized it as a means of consolidating Israeli control over the West Bank.

The final withdrawal from Gaza was completed by September 12, 2005. Though Israel emphasized its desire for peace, the disengagement also led to complexities regarding governance in Gaza, ultimately influencing subsequent conflicts and the political landscape in the region.