The levée en masse was a groundbreaking decision made by the National Convention of France in August 1793 as part of the Revolutionary government's response to escalating external threats. Amidst the turmoil of the French Revolution, France found itself fighting a coalition of European monarchies intent on quelling revolutionary fervor. The National Convention recognized that traditional recruitment methods were insufficient to raise the necessary military force, leading to the innovative decree compelling all eligible men to serve in the army.

This mobilization marked the first instance in modern history where a state could conscript its entire male population for military service, effectively turning the war into a people's war. The decree also stipulated that the citizens would be organized into units and provided with arms to combat the invading forces. It aimed to create a sense of unity among the people, reinforcing the ideals of liberty and fraternity that underpinned the Revolution. Additionally, it deepened the emotional and nationalistic fervor among the French populace, fostering a collective identity tied to the defense of the Republic.

The levée en masse was not merely a military tactic; it influenced how governments engage with citizenry in warfare. The increased participation and commitment of the populace served as a turning point in the French military campaigns and encouraged later instances of national conscription seen in many countries throughout history. The success of this initiative significantly bolstered the revolutionary cause, reinforcing the determination to protect the Republic against both foreign and internal threats.