The 1929 Palestine riots were a series of violent confrontations that erupted between Jewish and Arab communities in Mandatory Palestine. The underlying cause of these riots can be traced back to long-standing tensions over land ownership, immigration, and the control of significant religious sites, particularly in Jerusalem. In the summer of that year, rumors spread among the Arab population regarding the alleged threats to the Al-Aqsa Mosque, an important Islamic shrine, by Jewish worshippers, inciting anger and outrage.

The riots initiated in Hebron and rapidly extended to other key cities like Safed, Jerusalem, and Jaffa. In Hebron, violent mobs attacked Jewish neighborhoods, leading to the murder of several Jewish residents and the destruction of property. The situation progressively escalated as both communities retaliated against each other, resulting in widespread chaos and violence. The British authorities, who were responsible for managing the territory under the League of Nations mandate, struggled to control the situation.

The confrontations lasted through August, claiming the lives of 133 Jews and 116 Arabs, with many more injured or displaced. In the aftermath, the British government conducted investigations, leading to the dismissal of certain officials and increased discussions regarding the administration of the region. The riots marked a significant turning point in the Arab-Jewish relations in Palestine, exacerbating tensions that would continue to manifest in various conflicts in the decades to come.