The secret treaty signed by Romania with the Entente Powers was a pivotal moment in World War I, reflecting the shifting alliances of the conflict. Romania had been contemplating its position carefully, as it had previously maintained a neutral stance while observing the developments in the war. The desire for territorial expansion motivated Romania's decision, as the country sought to reclaim territories inhabited by ethnic Romanians, especially Transylvania, which was controlled by Austro-Hungary. This aspiration aligned with the Entente Powers' goals, making it a strategic partnership.

The treaty's secrecy was crucial, as it aimed to prevent Austria-Hungary from fortifying against Romania's likely entry into the war. Romania officially declared war on Austria-Hungary shortly after the treaty's signing in September. Romania deployed its forces into Transylvania to engage Austro-Hungarian troops, hoping for a swift victory with the backing of the Allies. Despite initial successes, Romania faced significant challenges, including a counter-offensive from the Central Powers and internal political strife, which hindered its war efforts.

The consequences of Romania's entry into the war were profound. Not only did it expand the Eastern Front, but it also solidified the fracturing of the Central Powers' grip on Eastern Europe. The ensuing battles led to substantial loss of life and territorial shifts. Ultimately, Romania's military campaign did not achieve its initial objectives, as much of the country was occupied by Central Powers forces by the end of 1916. The treaty and subsequent engagement set the stage for future boundary changes after the war, significantly impacting the region's political landscape for decades to come.