The Tiraspol Agreement emerged during World War II as a consequence of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which commenced with Operation Barbarossa in June 1941. As German forces advanced through Soviet territory, Romania sought to expand its influence and territorial claims in the context of an alliance with Germany. The agreement formalized Romanian control over Transnistria, a region that had been part of the Moldavian SSR since the establishment of the Soviet Union, thus redrawing territorial lines in Eastern Europe. This agreement highlighted the shifting allegiances and geopolitical interests of the time, as Romania, under the leadership of Ion Antonescu, aligned closely with Nazi Germany.

During this period, Transnistria was of strategic importance due to its location and resources. The region provided access to the Dniester River for transportation and economic activities, while also serving as a buffer zone against potential Soviet counteroffensives. The agreement not only solidified Romania's territorial ambitions but also reflected the broader goals of the Axis powers in reshaping Eastern Europe according to their military and political interests.

The implications of the Tiraspol Agreement were significant for the population of Transnistria, many of whom faced repressive measures under Romanian administration. The region became a site of conflict, resistance, and suffering during the occupation, as local inhabitants experienced increased nationalistic policies initiated by Bucharest. The agreement thus marked a critical juncture in the ongoing struggle for control over Eastern Europe during World War II, influencing subsequent military operations and postwar territorial arrangements.