Charles X of France, the last reigning monarch from the House of Bourbon, faced intense pressure and revolt from the people of France by the summer of 1830 due to his increasingly authoritarian rule and attempts to restore the absolute monarchy. Following a series of unpopular decisions, including the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies and the imposition of restrictive press laws, revolution erupted in Paris in July, known as the July Revolution. In response to the escalating unrest and his loss of support among even the nobility, Charles X decided to abdicate on August 2, 1830. His abdication was a culmination of widespread civil disorder and a rejection of his rule by the citizens, who were yearning for a more liberal government.When he abdicated in favor of his grandson, Henri, Count of Chambord, the move was intended as a rallying point for royalists and a demonstration of continued Bourbon legitimacy. However, Charles's decision was controversial; Henri was not fully accepted by the people as the rightful heir amidst the revolutionary fervor. Subsequently, the abdication and the subsequent failure to restore the monarchy under Henri led to the establishment of the July Monarchy, promoting Louis-Philippe as the 'Citizen King'. This shift indicated a turning point in French governance as it moved away from the absolute monarchy that had persisted since the Bourbon Restoration in 1814. The transition was marked by a newfound emphasis on the rights of citizens and an emerging republican ethos in the nascent French political landscape.