The invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces marked a significant escalation in regional tensions in the Middle East. Driven by a combination of factors, including allegations that Kuwait was overproducing oil and violating OPEC agreements, Iraq's President Saddam Hussein sought to address his country's economic woes by annexing Kuwait. The invasion was executed swiftly, as Iraqi troops crossed the border and captured key locations within hours, including the capital, Kuwait City. Newspapers and media outlets around the world quickly reported the event, prompting immediate concern among U.S. officials and Western nations. Ambassador April Glaspie’s controversial remarks, which some interpreted as a green light for Hussein's actions, further complicated the diplomatic landscape.

In response to the invasion, the United Nations swiftly condemned Iraq's actions and imposed economic sanctions. The U.S. began to mobilize forces in the region, forming a coalition that included numerous Arab and Western nations. Operation Desert Shield commenced, aimed at protecting Saudi Arabia and preparing for a possible military response. The invasion led to widespread protests and calls for military intervention, eventually culminating in Operation Desert Storm, which began in January the following year. Coalition forces launched a massive air assault against Iraqi positions, demonstrating modern military capabilities.

The swift military campaign to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait showcased the effectiveness of coalition operations. By February 1991, Kuwait was liberated within just a few weeks of the ground offensive commencing. Although the invasion itself ended in military defeat for Iraq, it significantly altered Middle Eastern geopolitics, leading to a long-term U.S. military presence in the region and ongoing tensions between Iraq and the West, particularly in the context of the Bush Doctrine on preemptive strikes against perceived threats.