The invasion of Czechoslovakia occurred as a response to the Prague Spring, a period of political liberalization initiated by Czechoslovak leaders such as Alexander Dubček in 1968. Dubček's government sought to implement reforms that would grant greater freedoms and autonomy to the Czech people. This movement alarmed the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries, fearing that such changes could lead to a loss of control over the region and inspire similar uprisings elsewhere. As tensions escalated, the Soviet Union orchestrated a massive military intervention involving troops from several Warsaw Pact nations, including Hungary, Poland, and Bulgaria, on the night of August 20. The full-scale invasion aimed to restore a stronghold over Czechoslovakia and reinstated a pro-Soviet regime. Notably, East German participation remained limited due to the impact of their recent war experiences, reflecting caution in military engagement. Albania and Romania notably opted out of the invasion, showcasing divisions within the Eastern Bloc. This military action ultimately led to a swift end to the Prague Spring and the reinstallation of a hardline communist government.