In August 1991, the political landscape of the former Soviet Union was undergoing profound changes. A failed coup attempt against Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev by hardliners catalyzed events in the Baltic states. On August 21, Latvia's Supreme Council convened in Riga and officially declared its renewal of independence from Soviet control, which had begun in 1940. The decision was made amidst a backdrop of mounting popular support for independence, exemplified by massive public gatherings and demonstrations advocating for national sovereignty.

This declaration followed years of suppression during the Soviet occupation, where Latvia's culture, language, and political autonomy were stifled. The timing was strategically significant, as the failed coup in Moscow led many republics to hasten their bids for independence. Latvia's declaration was formally backed by international recognition, further solidifying the country's intention to rejoin the community of nations.

In the days that followed, Latvia's landmark move inspired other Baltic states, namely Lithuania and Estonia, which also pursued their own paths to independence. The event set off a chain reaction that would see many former Soviet republics declare independence throughout 1991. The resolution of Latvia's independence was crucial not only for the nation itself but also for the overall transformation of Eastern Europe during the decline of Soviet influence.