The British East India Company, in its pursuit of expanding trade and influence in India, established the city of Madras in 1639 after negotiating a purchase with the local Nayak rulers. The company’s agent, Francis Day, identified a coastal strip of land which was strategically located between the Coromandel Coast and the inland river, presenting a prime location for establishing a fortified settlement. The site chosen for Madras was a small fishing village called Madraspatnam, and it was not an isolated choice, as many European powers were vying for control over trade routes in the region during this period.

The process of establishing Madras involved the construction of Fort St. George, which would serve as the headquarters for the British East India Company in southern India. The fort's establishment enabled the British to safe-guard their trade interests and provided a base of operations for further territorial expansion. This marked a significant shift in colonial dynamics in India, as it demonstrated the growing presence and power of European colonial companies, particularly against the backdrop of declining regional powers.

The founding of Madras also laid the groundwork for British cultural and political influence in the region. Over the years, the city evolved into a major urban center and a melting pot of diverse cultures, showcasing the intricacies of British-Indian relationships. The establishment of educational institutions, trade networks, and infrastructure during this time played a significant role in shaping the social landscape of southern India and the growth of British colonial power in the subcontinent.