The dethronement of Sultan Mustafa II marked a momentous shift in Ottoman governance, initiated by growing discontent among the populace and the military. Mustafa II, who had been reigning since 1695, faced significant challenges, particularly following defeats in the wars against the Holy League, which included Austria, Poland, and Venice. His failure to effectively address these losses and the resulting economic strain on the empire led to widespread dissatisfaction, culminating in a loss of support from the powerful Janissaries.

In August 1703, the tensions reached a critical point. The Janissaries, feeling disillusioned with Mustafa's leadership, revolted and deposed him in Edirne, the capital of the empire at the time. His dethronement was characterized by a combination of unrest fueled by the military's power and public outcry for more effective leadership. Following his removal, Ahmed III was proclaimed as the new Sultan, marking a shift in policy aimed at repairing the damage done during Mustafa's rule and restoring the empire's authority.

Sultan Mustafa II's reign and subsequent dethronement were marked by significant events that would affect the empire's stability and the relationship between its rulers and subjects. This incident also set a precedent for future sultans, illustrating the precarious nature of political power within the Ottoman Empire, especially when military factions felt neglected or aggrieved. The deposing of Mustafa II not only highlighted the power dynamics within the empire but also initiated a period of reform under Ahmed III, aimed at revitalizing the state in response to the changing geopolitical landscape.