Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested in 1920 for the robbery and murder of a payroll clerk and a security guard in South Braintree, Massachusetts. Both men were Italian immigrants and self-identified anarchists, which made them targets of suspicion and prejudice during a time of heightened anti-immigrant sentiment and the Red Scare in the United States. The trial, which took place in 1921, was highly controversial as it featured numerous issues of bias and injustice that critics argued tainted the proceedings. The judge, Webster Thayer, was accused of being biased against the defendants due to their political beliefs and immigrant status. Despite weak evidence tying them to the crime, Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted and sentenced to death.The case attracted widespread public attention, leading to international outcry and protests from various labor and civil rights groups who viewed the trial as a miscarriage of justice. Supporters of Sacco and Vanzetti maintained their innocence and pointed to the lack of reliable evidence against them, claiming they were convicted primarily because of their political beliefs. Efforts to appeal the convictions continued for several years, but ultimately, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court upheld the verdict. On August 23, 1927, both men were executed in the electric chair at Charlestown State Prison, a moment that galvanized further protests worldwide and led many to question the American justice system’s fairness.