In the early 17th century, the Dutch sought to extend their colonial reach and disrupt Spanish dominance in South America, particularly in the Pacific region. By the 1640s, the site of Valdivia, which had suffered previous economic and military setbacks, presented an opportunity for a new settlement. The arrival of a fleet from the Dutch West India Company marked a significant tactical maneuver aimed at establishing a presence in the region, primarily as a counter to Spanish interests. The fleet, consisting of several ships, was well-equipped and strategically planned to occupy the area, assess the local conditions, and secure supplies.

The Dutch settlers initiated the establishment of a colony by rebuilding existing structures and reinforcing defenses. They also sought local alliances, leveraging their position to challenge Spanish control. Importantly, this act was not just about settling but also about controlling valuable trade routes that were critical for the Dutch economy. The new colony aimed to facilitate trade in hides and other resources, which were abundant in the area, thus integrating into the global trade networks of the time.

As the settlers began to establish their new life, they faced various challenges, including resistances from local inhabitants and the ever-present threat of Spanish military reprisals. The initiative reflected the competition between European powers in the Americas and the shifting alliances that often characterized colonial endeavors. This establishment solidified the Dutch presence in the region and prompted further military and commercial engagements against Spanish territories, marking a pivotal moment in the colonial struggle in South America.