The Australian Antarctic Territory was proclaimed in 1936, establishing a significant area within Antarctica under Australia's jurisdiction. The claim stemmed from Australia’s growing interest in the Antarctic region, which had gained momentum after various exploratory missions and scientific endeavors in the early 20th century. The formal assertion marked a proactive approach by the Australian government to engage with Antarctica both for strategic and research purposes, especially as interests in the continent's resources began to rise globally. The proclamation was notably influenced by previous expeditions, including the activities of explorers like Douglas Mawson, who had laid foundational work in demonstrating Australia's historical connection to Antarctica.

In the years leading up to this declaration, Australia had already begun to participate actively in international discussions about the governance and future exploration of Antarctica. The establishment of the Australian Antarctic Territory reflected a broader trend in which nations sought to solidify claims over uncharted territories, driven by the potential for scientific research, resource extraction, and geopolitical advantages. The Australian government indicated that securing this territory was vital for national interests at a time when exploration was becoming increasingly linked with national identity and pride.

Subsequent to the formal creation of the territory, Australia intensified its Antarctic expedition efforts, establishing bases and conducting research that would contribute significantly to global scientific knowledge of the Antarctic environment. This event also laid the groundwork for future international collaborations regarding the management of Antarctic resources, especially leading to the Antarctic Treaty System established decades later. The implications of this territory's creation extended well into the 20th century, where Antarctica transformed into a focal point for international cooperation and science, contrasting earlier notions of colonial competition over the region.