The Battle of Vukovar commenced on August 25, 1991, as Croatian forces faced an aggressive siege by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and various Serb paramilitary groups. This siege was rooted in the broader context of the Croatian War of Independence, which had arisen in the wake of the disintegration of Yugoslavia. The city of Vukovar, located in eastern Croatia, was strategically important due to its position as a transportation and communication hub. The siege lasted for 87 days, during which the city's defenders engaged in intense combat, demonstrating determination and resilience despite facing overwhelming odds. The Croatian National Guard and local civilians rallied to protect Vukovar, but they were ultimately outmatched by the numerical and logistical superiority of the JNA forces.

As the siege progressed, the situation in Vukovar grew increasingly dire. The bombardment of the city led to widespread destruction and loss of civilian life. Food and medical supplies dwindled, leading to severe humanitarian crises. Reports of atrocities committed by the besieging forces further complicated the conflict and generated international concern. On November 18, 1991, the JNA captured Vukovar, resulting in significant casualties and a humanitarian disaster. The battle became emblematic of the brutality of the Croatian War of Independence and the wider Yugoslav Wars.

The siege of Vukovar resonated beyond Croatia, capturing global attention and reflecting the tragic consequences of ethnic conflict. It underscored the urgency of international intervention, leading to discussions on humanitarian aid and the necessity for diplomatic solutions in the Balkan region. The events in Vukovar would foreshadow further conflicts and influence international perceptions of the Yugoslav Wars, shaping diplomatic efforts throughout the 1990s.