The Great Offensive, or Büyük Taarruz, was a decisive military campaign waged by the Turkish Nationalist forces during the Greco-Turkish War, lasting from 1919 to 1922. Under the command of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his generals, the Turkish army strategically coordinated attacks against the Greek forces, which had occupied parts of western Anatolia following the restrictions imposed on Turkey after World War I. The operation was meticulously planned, focusing on surprise, speed, and the element of cost-effective warfare. It was characterized by the mobilization of thousands of Turkish troops supported by artillery and infantry units prepared for a large-scale offensive.The Turkish army's offensive began in late August 1922, with units advancing rapidly towards key Greek positions, including the city of Afyonkarahisar. The Turkish troops decisively overwhelmed Greek defenses through relentless attacks, leading to significant territorial gains and high casualties among Greek forces. This phase of the war is noteworthy for its speed and the effective use of the Turkish cavalry, which played a crucial role in flanking maneuvers and disruptive tactics against the more static Greek defensive lines. The campaign culminated in the recapture of Smyrna, a city with a large Greek population that faced dire consequences as the tide of war shifted dramatically in favor of the Turkish Nationalists.The aftermath of the Great Offensive had lasting consequences for the region. It not only led to the establishment of a new Turkish republic but also saw the onset of population exchanges between Greeks and Turks, shaping the demographic landscape of modern Turkey. The successful outcome of the offensives reinforced nationalistic sentiments among the Turkish populace while effectively diminishing the Greek presence in Anatolia.