The declaration of independence by Moldova transpired during a climactic period in Eastern Europe, where many nations were shaking off the long-standing yoke of Soviet control. Amidst political upheaval, on August 27, 1991, the Moldovan parliament (the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova) convened and declared the country's independence in a session that echoed the sentiments of other post-Soviet republics like Ukraine and the Baltic states. The document stated the urgency to establish sovereignty to govern the territory and preserve national integrity, particularly following the failed coup attempt in Moscow just weeks earlier, which had further destabilized the communist regime.

Moldova's independence movement was significantly influenced by rising nationalist sentiments and the desire for greater autonomy, particularly among the Romanian-speaking majority. The parliament's declaration was not merely a political maneuver but a defining moment representing the aspirations of the Moldovan people for democracy and self-governance. Following the declaration, Moldova quickly took steps towards forming its own government institutions and embraced a process towards establishing a democratic society. The independence was acknowledged internationally in a short time, enhancing Moldova's efforts to be recognized as an independent state.

The aftermath of the declaration involved a fragile transition period for Moldova, marked by both optimism and challenges, as it had to navigate the complex dynamics of post-Soviet politics. The independence paved the way for further political changes, economic reforms, and discussions about national identity, especially in relation to Romania due to its shared language and cultural ties. Moldova’s path was not devoid of contention, but the declaration set into motion critical developments in its quest for sovereignty.