In a strategic declaration, Iraq announced its annexation of Kuwait, formally integrating it as a new province under Iraqi control. This move came after months of mounting tensions between Iraq and Kuwait, revolving around disputes over oil production and financial obligations from the Iran-Iraq War. On August 2, 1990, Iraq had executed a swift military invasion of Kuwait, resulting in the swift occupation of the small, oil-rich nation. The international community reacted rapidly, with the United Nations condemning the invasion and imposing economic sanctions on Iraq to restore Kuwait's sovereignty.

The declaration to annex Kuwait raised alarm bells globally, leading to a significant military response from a coalition of nations, predominantly led by the United States. This coalition viewed Iraq's actions as a direct threat to regional stability and the international order, particularly given Kuwait's strategic importance as an oil-producing nation. Among the notable responses was the formation of Operation Desert Shield, aimed at preventing further Iraqi expansion and preparing for a potential military response. This deployment marked a significant moment in the U.S. military's presence in the Middle East.

As the situation escalated, diplomatic efforts intensified, with various nations urging Saddam Hussein to withdraw his forces from Kuwait. However, the Iraqi leadership remained defiant, further solidifying the international consensus that military action would be necessary to reclaim Kuwaiti sovereignty.