The Guru Granth Sahib is a foundational text of Sikhism, compiled and completed by Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs, in 1604. This undertaking took place in Amritsar at the Golden Temple, which is a significant site of worship for Sikhs. Guru Arjan meticulously gathered hymns from the preceding Gurus and included writings from various saints and poets, representing a wide spectrum of spiritual beliefs and philosophies. This act not only aimed to preserve these teachings but also to establish a unified spiritual authority for Sikhism amidst the diverse religious landscape of the Indian subcontinent at the time.

The completion of the Guru Granth Sahib marked a turning point in Sikh history as it consolidated the teachings and philosophies of Sikhism into a singular text, which would later be regarded as the eternal Guru by followers. The text comprises hymns written in various languages, including Gurmukhi, Hindi, and Persian, thus broadening its appeal and accessibility. This inclusivity is emblematic of the Sikh values of equality and respect for all faiths. By bringing together the spiritual writings of different saints alongside those of the Sikh Gurus, Guru Arjan fostered a sense of community across various cultural and religious divides.

In addition to its religious significance, the completion of the Guru Granth Sahib had profound socio-political implications. It served as a counter-narrative to the dominant religious authorities of the time, emphasizing the Sikh ideals of devotion and egalitarianism. Furthermore, it can be viewed as a foundational document that defined Sikh identity and community, laying the groundwork for future generations. The Guru Granth Sahib has been preserved and revered by Sikhs ever since, acting as a guide for spiritual living and moral conduct.