Sayyid Qutb was a leading Egyptian intellectual and a key figure in the Muslim Brotherhood, known for his critical views on Western imperialism and his advocacy for Islamic governance. His writings, particularly 'Milestones', inspired later generations of Islamist activists by articulating a vision of a society governed by Islamic principles. Qutb's opposition to President Gamal Abdel Nasser's secular policies and authoritarian rule intensified in the context of the broader socio-political landscape of Egypt during the 1960s. Amid rising tensions between the government and the Muslim Brotherhood, accusations surfaced against Qutb and his associates regarding a purported plot to assassinate Nasser.

In the climate of fear and suspicion, Nasser's regime launched a widespread crackdown on dissent. This culminated in the arrest of Qutb and many members of the Brotherhood. He was subjected to harsh interrogation and ultimately tried in a military court. In August 1966, following a conviction of conspiracy to murder, Qutb was sentenced to death, and he was executed by hanging. Qutb's execution marked a significant escalation in the conflict between the Egyptian state and Islamist groups, setting a precedent for future retaliatory actions against political Islam, which would resonate throughout the region for decades to come.