The Second Battle of Nördlingen took place during the pivotal Thirty Years' War, a brutal conflict that spanned across Europe primarily between 1618 and 1648, characterized by religious, political, and territorial disputes. In this decisive engagement, French forces, commanded by General Henri de Turenne, faced off against the Holy Roman Empire's troops under General von Wartenberg. The battle unfolded near the town of Nördlingen in southern Germany, a strategic locale that had seen previous clashes earlier in the war.

Turenne's strategies and rapid maneuvers overwhelmed the Imperial forces, leading to a significant rout on August 3, 1645. The French army showcased superior tactics and coordination that allowed them to utilize their artillery effectively and deploy cavalry in a swift and decisive manner. The engagement lasted several hours, culminating in a clear victory for the French and marked a dramatic shift in the war's dynamics. The defeat prompted critical shifts in alliances and strategies among the Imperial states, elevating the French to a more dominant position in German territories.

In the aftermath, the victory at Nördlingen played a crucial role in the broader context of the conflict, leading to the eventual diplomatic engagements that would seek to conclude the Thirty Years' War. It demonstrated the increasing influence of France in European affairs and set the stage for later treaties and political realignments.