The retreat of the Democratic Army of Greece occurred following their defeat on Gramos Mountain, a critical battle in the Greek Civil War. This armed conflict emerged after World War II, driven by ideological divides between the government and communist-led factions. By summer 1949, the government's forces, supported by the United States and other Western nations, gained significant ground. The turning tide reached a climax at Gramos, where the Democratic Army aimed to solidify its foothold but instead faced resistance leading to disastrous consequences.

As the Democratic Army suffered extensive losses, the remnants began to withdraw towards the mountainous frontier with Albania. This retreat was not merely a tactical maneuver, but a desperate effort for survival, as many fighters sought refuge across the border. The movement of the Democratic Army represented a collapse of their military strength and the end of their campaign to control Greece. This event symbolized the waning influence of leftist factions in Greek politics and the consolidation of government power, paving the way for a more conservative political landscape.

The act of retreat also spurred a refugee crisis, as thousands of soldiers and civilians fled to neighboring Albania, causing significant strain on local resources. This cross-border movement drew international attention to the ongoing humanitarian situation, reflecting the broader implications of the civil war and its aftermath. The eventual conclusion of the conflict left a deep mark on Greece's social and political climate, influencing the nation's trajectory in the following decades.