In the late 18th century, the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War intensified competition between Britain and the Netherlands, significantly affecting trade in the East Indies. Following the conflict's outbreak, the British East India Company recognized an opportunity to disrupt Dutch commercial operations in Southeast Asia. A fleet of six ships was assembled at Fort Marlborough, a British stronghold on the island of Sumatra, which served as a strategic base for operations against the Dutch-controlled factories. Among the primary targets was Padang, the major port city known for its bustling trade and significant economic role in the region.

The ships, armed and ready for confrontation, set sail with the dual objectives of raiding key Dutch facilities and asserting British naval dominance. Commanded by experienced captains, the expedition was seen as essential for undermining Dutch economic interests by seizing goods, disrupting shipping routes, and destabilizing production in the region. As the fleet approached the coast of Sumatra, tensions were high, with both strategic planning and the naval capabilities of the East India Company under scrutiny.

Upon arriving, the fleet engaged in tactical maneuvers to outsmart and overpower the Dutch guards at the factories. The raids were met with resistance but resulted in the successful capture of supplies and products critical to the Dutch trading network. This operation not only showcased the military prowess of the East India Company but also further fueled hostility and competitive dynamics in colonial markets between the British and Dutch forces, solidifying their struggle for supremacy in the lucrative spice and trade routes of Southeast Asia.